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Configure Cisco Router Step By Step Guide
This tutorial explains how to configure Cisco router step by step. Cisco router configuration commands are explained in packet tracer.Cisco router is a device that switches data packets between two different networks. By default two different IP network cannot communicate with each other. They need a mediator device that exchanges their packets. Routers do this job successfully by taking packet from one network and delivering it to another network. This process is called routing.
We need to perform some initial configurations on router before it can be used for routing. In this article we will explain these configurations.
We will use Packet Tracer network simulator software for demonstration. Beside Packet Tracer You can also use any other network simulator software such as Boson, GNS or even better if you can afford, use a real Cisco device. No matter what option you choose, till this uses Cisco IOS output will be same.
Create a network topology as illustrate in following figure
We have created this topology to give you a better overview of commands. You can use single router if you are unable to replicate this topology in packet tracer. Alternatively you can download this pre-created topology.
No matter what you prefer, for reset of this article I assume that you have one router available in work space.
Access CLI prompt of router
Cisco IOS supports various command modes, among those followings are the main command modes.
User EXEC Mode
Privileged EXEC Mode
Global Configuration Mode
Interface Configuration Mode
Sub Interface Configuration Mode
Setup Mode
ROM Monitor Mode
You need to execute specific commands to navigate from one mode to another.
IOS commands are not case sensitive; you can enter them in uppercase, lowercase, or mixed case.
Password is case sensitive. Make sure you type it in correct case.
In any mode, you can obtain a list of commands available on that mode by entering a question mark (?).
Standard order of accessing mode is
User Exec mode => Privileged Exec mode => Global Configuration mode => Interface Configuration mode => Sub Interface Configuration mode
Router will enter in setup mode only if it fails to load a valid running configuration.
Router will enter in ROMMON mode only if it fails to load a valid IOS image file.
You can manually enter in ROMMON mode for diagnostics purpose.
Enter in global configuration mode to execute following commands.
Change default router name
By default Router name is configured on routers. We can configure any desired name on router. hostname command will change the name of router. For example following command will assign LAB1 name to the router.
Configure password on cisco router
Router is a critical device of network. It supports multiple lines for connection. We need to secure each line [port].
Secure console port
Secure auxiliary port
Auxiliary port provides remote access to router. You can attach modem in this port. Not all devices support this port. If your router supports this port use following commands to secure it.
Enable telnet access on cisco router
Depending on the model number and IOS software version router may supports various number of VTY connections range from 5 to 1000. VTY is the standard name for telnet and SSH connection. By default only first five VTYs connections are enabled. But you cannot connect them. When you try to connect them remotely you will get following message
This message indicates that password is not set on VTY lines. Password is required to connect VTYs. Following commands set password to TELCNN on VTYs line.
In above example we set password on all five lines collectively but you can do this separately if you need different passwords for different lines. Steps will be same.
line vty [line number] command will move into that specific line.
password [password] command will assign the desired password.
login command will enable that line to accept the connection.
Secure privilege exec mode with password
Along with access lines we can also secure privilege exec mode with password. We have two commands to configure the password.
Switch(config)# enable password Privilege_EXEC_password
Switch(config)# enable secret Privilege_EXEC_password
Both commands will set the password on privilege exec mode. Difference between these commands is the method of password storage. enable password command will store password in plain text while enable secret command will store password in encryption format.
Login banner
We can configure two types of banner on routers; MOTD banner and Exec banner.
banner exec command is not available in packet tracer. You can practice with banner motd command. Both commands work in same manner. Only the difference between these commands is the place of display. MOTD banner will display before the login. An EXEC banner will display after the authentication process and before the exec mode.
Both commands use delimiting character to specify the starting and ending of message. It means command parser will terminate the message on delimiting character instead of the Enter key. This feature allows us to span the message in multiple lines.
Configure clock time zone
Router allows us to localize the time zone. Following command will set time zone to +5 hour of EST [Eastern Standard Time].
Assign hostname to IP Address
Hostname are easy to remember. We can use host name instead of their IP address while connecting with remote address. Router resolves IP address to hostname in two ways: static and dynamic.
In static method we have to assign hostname to IP address.
In dynamic method we have to configure an external DNS server and need to configure its IP address on router.
show hosts command will display the currently configured hosts with their IP addresses. Following figure illustrate an example of static entry for hostname.
Disable automatic domain lookup
By default routers are configured to resolve every word that is not a command. It will first look in static DNS table for an entry. If it fails to find an entry in static DNS table, it will try with DNS server at address 255.255.255.255. If you are not going to use DNS server or hostname facility, it is better to turn this off. It will save your time because every incorrectly typed command will cost you a wait of minute or two.
no ip domain-lookup command is used to disable this feature.
Enable logging synchronous
Whenever IOS has any kind of notification, it will display that on command prompt. It fines until prompt is free. What if you are typing a command and notification line appears in the middle of the command? This is really annoying. Luckily we can stop this behavior. logging synchronous command will enable synchronization at command prompt.
After this if IOS has anything to display it will move prompt and your typed command in next line. Notification will not insert in the middle of command. If you continue typing, the command will execute properly, even though it looks wrong at prompt.
Disable auto logout from console line
Cisco IOS has a great security feature to secure the console line. It automatically logs out ideal connection in 10 minutes. You can disable this feature in lab environment. exec-timeout 0 0 command will disable this.Never use this command in real world. It could create security risk to your network.
Disable router interface
By default all interface are administratively down on startup. We should also follow this rule.
For security reason, we should always disable unused interface on router. shutdown command is used to disable the interface.
shutdown router interface
Saving running configuration in cisco router
Router keeps configuration in RAM. All settings that we have made in this article will erase once the router reboot. To preserve this configuration after reboot we must have to save this. Following command will save running configuration in NVRAM.
copy running-config startup-config command cisco router
Erasing configuration in cisco router
We have done our practice now make it available for next round of practice. As we know that routers load configuration file from NVRAM in startup.
At the end of startup it takes configuration file from NVRAM and parse it RAM. We need to erase this configuration file from NVRAM to remove configuration. Following command will delete configuration file from NVRAM.
